![]() ![]() Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. The results of this study suggest that growing snap beans on reflective plastic mulch can suppress the incidence and damage of Mexican bean beetle, and increase yield in snap beans. Metallized plots produced the highest yields, followed by white. Predatory arthropod densities were not reduced by reflective plastic. Significant reductions in Mexican bean beetle densities and feeding injury were observed in both metallized and white plastic plots compared to black plastic and bare soil, with metallized plastic having the fewest Mexican bean beetle life stages and injury. Temperature and humidity were unaffected by treatments. Pyranometer readings showed that reflected light intensity was highest over metallized plastic and second highest over white plastic black plastic and bare soil were similarly low. ![]() Reflected light intensity, temperature, and humidity were monitored using data loggers. Mexican bean beetle density, feeding injury, predatory arthropods, and snap bean yield were sampled. In 20, beans were seeded into beds of metallized, white, and black plastic, and bare soil, in field plots near Blacksburg, VA. We hypothesized that snap beans grown on reflective, agricultural polyethylene (plastic mulch) would have fewer Mexican bean beetles and less injury than those grown on black plastic or bare soil. These beetles are intolerant to direct sunlight, explaining why individuals are typically found on the undersides of leaves and in the lower portion of the plant canopy. Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, is a serious pest of snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in the eastern United States. Note: We do not offer technical support for developing or debugging scripted downloading processes.Reflective Polyethylene Mulch Reduces Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Densities and Damage in Snap Beans. Note that this policy may change as the SEC manages SEC.gov to ensure that the website performs efficiently and remains available to all users. This SEC practice is designed to limit excessive automated searches on SEC.gov and is not intended or expected to impact individuals browsing the SEC.gov website. Once the rate of requests has dropped below the threshold for 10 minutes, the user may resume accessing content on SEC.gov. If a user or application submits more than 10 requests per second, further requests from the IP address(es) may be limited for a brief period. Current guidelines limit users to a total of no more than 10 requests per second, regardless of the number of machines used to submit requests. We reserve the right to block IP addresses that submit excessive requests. To ensure our website performs well for all users, the SEC monitors the frequency of requests for SEC.gov content to ensure automated searches do not impact the ability of others to access SEC.gov content. Unauthorized attempts to upload information and/or change information on any portion of this site are strictly prohibited and are subject to prosecution under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996 (see Title 18 U.S.C. For security purposes, and to ensure that the public service remains available to users, this government computer system employs programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information or to otherwise cause damage, including attempts to deny service to users. More Information Internet Security Policyīy using this site, you are agreeing to security monitoring and auditing. For more information, contact more information, please see the SEC’s Web Site Privacy and Security Policy. You can also sign up for email updates on the SEC open data program, including best practices that make it more efficient to download data, and SEC.gov enhancements that may impact scripted downloading processes. Please declare your traffic by updating your user agent to include company specific information.įor best practices on efficiently downloading information from SEC.gov, including the latest EDGAR filings, visit sec.gov/developer. Your request has been identified as part of a network of automated tools outside of the acceptable policy and will be managed until action is taken to declare your traffic. To allow for equitable access to all users, SEC reserves the right to limit requests originating from undeclared automated tools. Your Request Originates from an Undeclared Automated Tool ![]()
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